Jim Monke
Specialist in Agricultural Policy
The farm bill (the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, P.L. 110-246) provides mandatory funding for many farm bill programs, including the farm commodity programs and some nutrition, conservation, research, bioenergy, horticulture, and rural development programs. Some farm bill programs have budget baseline beyond the end of the 2008 farm bill, while others do not. Those with continuing baseline essentially have built-in future funding if policymakers decide the programs should continue in their current form.
However, 37 programs that received mandatory funds during the 2008 farm bill are not assumed to continue from a budgetary perspective because they do not have a budgetary baseline beyond FY2012. Notable programs among this group include certain agricultural disaster assistance programs, some conservation programs, specialty crop research, organic research and certification, beginning and socially disadvantaged farmer programs, rural development, bioenergy, and farmers market promotion programs. If policymakers want to continue these programs in the next farm bill, they will need to pay for the programs with offsets.
Depending on the approach used to estimate a cost to extend the 37 programs for five years, an estimated $9 billion to $14 billion of offsets from other sources may be needed. This is nearly 3% of the five-year CBO baseline for farm bill programs (FY2014-FY2018), or 14% of the five-year baseline if the nutrition title is excluded. Finding this level of offsets can be a difficult task in a tight budget environment, especially when many observers believe that some of the farm bill baseline may be used for deficit reduction.
The one-year extension of the 2008 farm bill in the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240) did not provide any additional mandatory funding for any of the 37 programs without baseline. However, the House and Senate Agriculture Committees envisioned providing funding for many of these programs in the five-year farm bills that were debated in 2012 (H.R. 6083 and S. 3240) but that were not enacted.
In 2013, the Senate-passed farm bill (S. 954) would provide more than $4.5 billion of mandatory funding over five years for 25 of the programs without baseline. The combination of Housepassed farm bills (H.R. 2642 and H.R. 3102) would provide more than $4.8 billion of mandatory funding for 14 of the programs.
Date of Report: October 10, 2013
Number of Pages: 29
Order Number: R41433
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